Wednesday, 22 October 2014

Sound FX in Films

RoboCop [1987]

Stephen Flick & John Pospisil did the sound design and effect for Paul Verhoeven's RoboCop and recieved a Special Achievement Oscar. As part of the nomination process for this award, Stephen Flick had to write the following letter to the academy:

Dear Board of Governors:

It was important to us to create a sound track that strongly supported the future world and characters of "RoboCop." It took many thousands of elements to make this soundtrack: natural specific and ambient sounds recorded in the field, synthesizer sounds for graphics and sweetening, digital sound processing to add dimension to robot voices and movements, plus normal Foley. We made repeated tests for every single signature sound in the film. Some sounds like the Robo gun worked the first time around, while others required significant development.

The most difficult sound effects challenge in "RoboCop" was to create believable and unique character sounds for Robo and ED-209. As is the case with any "signature" sound effect, we recorded, edited, and mixed numerous tests for each character. Although Robo is a cyborg cop and had to sound massive and dangerous, there also had to be contrast in his sound as he changed from comic book superhero and rediscovered his lost human self. In the beginning, Robo was a precise, finely tooled machine. After his near destruction by ED-209 and his own police force, he became loose and rattley. We tested over 30 different combinations of movement and footsteps for Robo alone. We tested extremely clean sounding pneumatic movements with jointed footsteps. Because the shootout in the cocaine factory is staged like a spaghetti western, we tested a variety of metal taps fitted to cowboy and heavy motorcycle boots.
In another test we assembled an aluminum tube and solid plate that gave a resonate metal sound for his legs. For one reason or another, these efforts either were not "heroic" enough of they were too prominent and would be too distracting to have throughout the film. Finally, a large truck timing chain performed in Foley gave a metal linked tread sound that also was reminiscent of spurs worked. As Robo loosened, we changed our performance of the prop to reflect his disintegration. We also cut a synthesizer generated low frequency impact for every footstep.



I think the RoboCop footsteps is a great piece of sound design and truly gives the desired effect for his character. Below is a video of some of the sounds used in RoboCop


RoboCop Sound FX [YouTube Link]



Blade Runner [1982]

For my soundscape, I researched other films which had the location of a futuristic city environment, Blade Runner being one of them. I noted down sound that I could hear and identify with the location. What I learnt from listening to the sounds from Blade Runner is that they use a vast majority of natural sounds with distorted industrial sounds to take it away from the comfort of reality. The soundscape was simple, with only a few layers of sounds where there, many of them being ground sounds. Here were the sounds I noticed from Blade Runner:

- Cars
- Alarm systems
- People
- Rain hitting different surfaces
- Lightning
- Muttering
- Ominous hums and tones
- Wind
- Ventillation
- Weird engine sounds
- Car horns


Scott's Blade Runner (1982)

Ben Burtt Presentation

SCRIPT


EARLY LIFE to LUCAS

- Ben Burtt was born in Jamesville New York in 1948
- Graduated with a major in physics
- Very keen film maker and in 1970 won the national student film festival with his   war film Yankee Squadron
- Went to the University with the intention of becoming a director
- Despite this, in an interview he said “I never grew up thinking I would be in the movie industry”
- “I wanted to be a scientist and studied for a degree in physics”
- “I began making movies with my fathers movie camera when he was 10 and he always tried to make his own soundtrack”
 “I loved to listen to my favorite movies and shows with headphones on, and I got very interested in how sound was connected to the imagery of a movie”
It was not until 1968, when Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey came out, that Burtt realized that he could combine his interests (physics and film). The man who was later to make him Hollywood’s first real sound designer.

GEORGE LUCAS
       Burtt attended the University of Southern California film school to pursue a master’s degree in production. He received a student job, cataloguing the Columbia sound library, this was where he developed a keen interest in special effects, sound and editing. George Lucas had gone to that school a few years before Burtt, and in an interview with Time Out magazine, Burtt goes on to say “when George started ‘Star Wars’ he was looking for some young students to come on and create sounds. He called up the school and my name was handed to him, and I went and had an interview and the rest is history.”

First sound designer
In an interview with FilmSound, Burtt was questioned about his position of possibly being the first ‘Sound Designer’. He elaborated that
“The term sound designer has gotten usage in the last decade really since the Star Wars films began a new interest in creative soundtracks in motion pictures. I called myself a sound designer because I wasn't really functioning as a production recordist, or a sound editor, or just a sound mixer.  I did some of the job that all three of those people might do.  But I was able to follow through from the point of production of a film.  That is I can go out and advise and make suggestions about things that could be recorded once I'd seen the script of the film.



STAR WARS

"Star Wars" opened in theaters on May 25, 1977, and the following year, Burtt's aural inventions were honored by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He received a Special Achievement Award for sound effects, for the "creation of the alien, creature and robot voices." 
Here are some examples of the sound designs he did for the Star Wars saga starting with the Laser blasts.
R2D2
For R2D2, initially Burtt wanted to record babies and somehow alter their sounds, but it was hard to persuade the babies to perform properly. [SEE QUOTE ON BOARD].
So out of necessity, he started making babylike noises himself then combining those sound with the electronic noises he had been making.
Burtt states “ I put myself into the mind of an infant and acted out a scene with a droid’s intentions. I’d whistle and coo, I would sign and groan, and at the same time I’d move the oscillators of the synthesizers.”

OTHER SOUND EFFECTS

Other poignant sounds Burtt created for Star Wars was Darth Vader’s breathing in which Burtt recorded his own breathing through an old Dacor scuba regulator. The Imperial walkers stomp was a edited recording of a machinist’s punch press and the character Chewbacca is constructed of animal noises, mainly walruses.

TECHNIQUES

-He says hes been collecting sounds for years and putting in sounds from the real world creates the illusion that these fantasies are credible
-Always gathering sounds, he carries a recorder with him wherever he goes

ACCOLADES

Star Wars launched Ben Burtt’s career as a prolific sound editor and sound designer at Lucasfilm, where he was on staff from 1975 until 1990. While there, he lent his sound design and effects expertise to films including "Star Wars: Episode V -- The Empire Strikes Back," "Raiders of the Lost Ark," "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial," "The Dark Crystal," "Star Wars: Episode VI -- Return of the Jedi," "Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom," "Willow," "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade" and "Always." During his 15-year tenure at Lucasfilm, Burtt earned eight Oscar nominations. He won for "Star Wars," "Raiders," "E.T." and "Last Crusade."

LEGACY
Burtt has a keen ear for the compelling sounds.
Normally, one only perceives a sound effect on a subconscious level. Every time you see some action on the screen, you expect there to be a complimentary sound, appropriate to the image and its emotional context.  Burtt’s skills go far beyond this: his sounds often literally tell a story and they bring pleasure in themselves.
Ben Burtt is now working on the sound design for the upcoming film Star Wars: Episode VII










 Ben Burtt on Lightsaber sound design [YouTube link]